my project on feminism on the "first" woman scientist
Summary
Marie Curie who was originally Marie Sklodowska is a Polish woman was bornon November 7, 1867. She was one of the first woman to obtain a degree in physics, the first woman to graduate a university in France, receive a Nobel Prize, first scientist to receive two Nobel Prizes, and obtain a chair position at the Sorbonne. Even though she had a daughter, in 1897 with her husband Pierre Curie, it did not slow her down. She continued to research uranium rays and their radioactivity. In 1903, along with her husband, they received the first Nobel Prize in physics. Shortly after her husband passed away, she took the place of her husband’s teaching job at Sorbonne and became the first woman professor and later on obtained a chair position at Sorbonne. In 1911, Marie received her second Nobel Peace Prize because of her discovery on Radium and Polonium, thus leading her to becoming the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes.
Monday, April 24, 2017
Chapter 23
Chapter 23: Capitalism and Culture: A New Phase in Global Interaction
- Since 1945
- The transformation of the world economy
- globalization again
- great increase in global trade since the 1945
- foreign direct investment
- growth instability and inequality made it an antiglobalization movement
- globalization in an american empire
- force v soft power
- decline in America's economic power
- resistance to an American empire
- focus on feminism
- women's liberation
-women of color were included in the "feminism" movement
- there was also feminism in the global south
- realized that women were part of larger struggles
- women rights are also human rights
- fundamentalism on a global scale
- threats from science, states, and capitalism
- there were American conservative Christians
- there were also religious alternatives to fundamentalism
- reated islamic societies
- Islamic opposition to newly independent secular states
- social and economic problems
- feminism has come a long way
-we are currently still fighting for these rights but we are more aware now
-
- Since 1945
- The transformation of the world economy
- globalization again
- great increase in global trade since the 1945
- foreign direct investment
- growth instability and inequality made it an antiglobalization movement
- globalization in an american empire
- force v soft power
- decline in America's economic power
- resistance to an American empire
- focus on feminism
- women's liberation
-women of color were included in the "feminism" movement
- there was also feminism in the global south
- realized that women were part of larger struggles
- women rights are also human rights
- fundamentalism on a global scale
- threats from science, states, and capitalism
- there were American conservative Christians
- there were also religious alternatives to fundamentalism
- reated islamic societies
- Islamic opposition to newly independent secular states
- social and economic problems
- feminism has come a long way
-we are currently still fighting for these rights but we are more aware now
-
Chapter 22
Chapter 22: The End of Empire: The Global South on the Global Stage
- 1913-present
- the new forces of nationalism, national self determination, and the nation state
- there were contradictions of the colonial empires when Africa and Asia became independent
- new elites challenged colonial rule
- contradictions of the colonial empire
- India ending British rule
- there was an impact because ow WWI
- Partition in 1947
- South Africa ending Apartheid
- they were independent but there was a white minority rule
- there was an industrial economy that used black labor and didn't pay well
- African National Congress in 1912
- there was a turn towards armed struggle in the 1960
- there was also international pressure
- there was continued violence
- Nelson Mandela
- he was president of south africa
- there was democracy in India
- economic failure in Africa
- armies knew they were powerful so they intimidated poorer people
- transition to democracy in the 1980s
- leftist politics and military coups in Latin America
- overcame poverty
- disagreements in the field of developmental economics
- participated in world markets
- in Turkey and Iran:
- cultures of tradition and culture modernity
- politics of Islam, dress and gender
- cultural revolution in favor of tradition
Chapter 21
Chapter 21: Revolution, Socialism, and Global Conflict: The Rise and Fall of World Communism
- 1917– now
- Marxism's path to the future
- there were conflicts among communist states
- revolutions as a path to communism
- Russia: revolution in a single year
- there was continued chaos under the provisional government
- civil war happened (1918-1921)
- Stalin in Eastern Europe after world war II
- In China there was a prolonged revolutionary struggle
- gave women more rights
- there were laws for
- equality
- work
- education
- marriage
- divorce
- pregnancy
- abortions
- men and women were somehow equalish
- "women can do anything"
- Cold War
- its a cold war because there wasn't really any fighting
- imperial presidency it was like a "milirary industrial complex"
- American economic and cultural power
- military spending and propaganda
- there were conflicts with the communist world
- there were "Hot Wars" in Korea and Vietnam
- End of Communism
- China abandoned Communism
- worst fear
- message of Tianamen Square (1989)
- Nationalist movements
- collaspe of regimes in Eastern Europe (1989)
- USSR becomes russia and other states (1991)
- 1917– now
- Marxism's path to the future
- there were conflicts among communist states
- revolutions as a path to communism
- Russia: revolution in a single year
- there was continued chaos under the provisional government
- civil war happened (1918-1921)
- Stalin in Eastern Europe after world war II
- In China there was a prolonged revolutionary struggle
- gave women more rights
- there were laws for
- equality
- work
- education
- marriage
- divorce
- pregnancy
- abortions
- men and women were somehow equalish
- "women can do anything"
- Cold War
- its a cold war because there wasn't really any fighting
- imperial presidency it was like a "milirary industrial complex"
- American economic and cultural power
- military spending and propaganda
- there were conflicts with the communist world
- there were "Hot Wars" in Korea and Vietnam
- End of Communism
- China abandoned Communism
- worst fear
- message of Tianamen Square (1989)
- Nationalist movements
- collaspe of regimes in Eastern Europe (1989)
- USSR becomes russia and other states (1991)
Chapter 20
Chapter 20: Collapse at the Center: World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of Global Power
- 1914–1970s
- it was an accident waiting to happen
- European global power but rivalry and conflict at home
- Assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 28 of 1914
- alliances and nationalism
- industrialized militarism
- European empires and trade made it a global war
- Capitalism Unraveling the Great Depression
- there was overproduction, international loans, and stock speculation
- import substitution industrialization in Latin America
- rise of Hitler
- a lot of racism
- people started supporting Hitler
- Hitler did little steps in order to get people to discriminate
-Holocaust happened
- death chambers in showers
- gas vans, zykon b etc.
- Facism: form of government
- extreme nationalism
- celebration of violence and a "charismatic" leader
- it was anti democratic
- Japanese authoritarianism
- economic growth, social tension, etc
- impact of Great Depression
- government action on economy
- The Great Depression
- unraveling of the economic system in 1929
- overproduction of goods =cheaper
- a lot loans happened
-
- 1914–1970s
- it was an accident waiting to happen
- European global power but rivalry and conflict at home
- Assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 28 of 1914
- alliances and nationalism
- industrialized militarism
- European empires and trade made it a global war
- Capitalism Unraveling the Great Depression
- there was overproduction, international loans, and stock speculation
- import substitution industrialization in Latin America
- rise of Hitler
- a lot of racism
- people started supporting Hitler
- Hitler did little steps in order to get people to discriminate
-Holocaust happened
- death chambers in showers
- gas vans, zykon b etc.
- Facism: form of government
- extreme nationalism
- celebration of violence and a "charismatic" leader
- it was anti democratic
- Japanese authoritarianism
- economic growth, social tension, etc
- impact of Great Depression
- government action on economy
- The Great Depression
- unraveling of the economic system in 1929
- overproduction of goods =cheaper
- a lot loans happened
-
Chapter 19
Chapter 19 Empires in Collision: Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia
-in the 1800s -1914
- China's population skyrocketed
- population had grown from about 100 million in 1685 to some 430 million in 1853
-growing pressure on the land, impoverishment, starvation
- there was harsh treatments of peasants
- gangs and peasants rebellions became common
- China’s internal crisis: the Taiping Uprising
-affected much of China 1850–1864
- leader Hong Xiuquan told people that he was the younger brother of Jesus
- wanted to industrialize China
- women in China wanted more power or rights
- wanted their feet to be unbound (it was popular back than)
- men and women equal shares of land
- China and Europe's relationship changed after the Opium chaos
- first Opium War (1839-1842)
- second Opium War (1856-1858)
- Chinese government tried to act against problems
- conservative leaders feared that development would change the landlord class
- Boxer Uprising (1898–1901)
- this was when many European and Chinese christians were killed
- China and the Ottoman Empire thought that they didn't need to learn from the West, attempted defensive modernization, and suffered a split in society between modernists and ones that wanted to keep up with their traditional values
- Ottomans lost the territory to Russia, Britain, Austria, and France
- Napoleon’s 1798 invasion of Egypt was especially devastating
- Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania attained independence
- Europeans achieved direct access to Asia
- government relied on foreign loans to finance economic development efforts
- depended on Europe
- in the late 18th century, they sent ambassadors to study European methods, imported European advisers, and established schools
- Islamic modernism: accepted Western technology and science but not its materialism
- supporters of reform saw the Ottoman Empire as a secular state
-
-in the 1800s -1914
- China's population skyrocketed
- population had grown from about 100 million in 1685 to some 430 million in 1853
-growing pressure on the land, impoverishment, starvation
- there was harsh treatments of peasants
- gangs and peasants rebellions became common
- China’s internal crisis: the Taiping Uprising
- leader Hong Xiuquan told people that he was the younger brother of Jesus
- wanted to industrialize China
- women in China wanted more power or rights
- wanted their feet to be unbound (it was popular back than)
- men and women equal shares of land
- China and Europe's relationship changed after the Opium chaos
- first Opium War (1839-1842)
- second Opium War (1856-1858)
- Chinese government tried to act against problems
- conservative leaders feared that development would change the landlord class
- Boxer Uprising (1898–1901)
- this was when many European and Chinese christians were killed
- China and the Ottoman Empire thought that they didn't need to learn from the West, attempted defensive modernization, and suffered a split in society between modernists and ones that wanted to keep up with their traditional values
- Ottomans lost the territory to Russia, Britain, Austria, and France
- Napoleon’s 1798 invasion of Egypt was especially devastating
- Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania attained independence
- Europeans achieved direct access to Asia
- government relied on foreign loans to finance economic development efforts
- depended on Europe
- in the late 18th century, they sent ambassadors to study European methods, imported European advisers, and established schools
- Islamic modernism: accepted Western technology and science but not its materialism
- supporters of reform saw the Ottoman Empire as a secular state
-
Chapter 18 Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa
Chapter 18 Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa
- in the 1750s to 1914
- talks about the pros and cons of colonialism and imperialism
- Industrialization gave Europe or the west, the tools in order to "dominate" the world
- There was military power through machine guns, armies (power of the people)
- Commercial power through trade agreements, banking and capitalization
- Cultural power was through language, science, literature, etc.
- in 1859, Charles Darwin published a book called The Origin of Species
- tried to explain the meaning of ancient fossils and diversity of the species, and how they evolved
- "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" terms were born
- church leaders did not believe and said he was atheist
- scientists thought he was great for "discovering" this
- because europeans have the power they set off to "educate" the rest of the world
- Wealthy Europeans also saw benefits to foreign markets. —
- Industrialization society led to serious redistribution of wealth
- the influence abroad became symbols of great power and it became a status for a nation
- Europeans were considered advanced in the society and they used that to become even more powerful
- their opinions on other cultures dropped, (basically they were racist)
- tried to use science to "prove" that any culture that was not their own bad
- "race is everything" "if you were white you were smart"
- other races were "wild" and the Europeans thought that it was their duty to civilize them
- there was also a second wave of European conquests
- involved military forces
- tried to conquer Africa for about 25 years
- Australia and New Zealand were taken over by Europe in the 19th century
- disease reduced the number of natives by about 75%
- countries under European rule had a traumatic experience
- violence made everyone behave
- many converted to Christianity
- there was a lot of unpaid labor
- there was western pressures
-opium was involved
- realized opium was bad but it was too late
- tried to stop the opium trade
-but europeans tried to bribe the people in charge of trade
- a lot of money invested in buying opium because people were addicted
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