- in the 1750s to 1914
- talks about the pros and cons of colonialism and imperialism
- Industrialization gave Europe or the west, the tools in order to "dominate" the world
- There was military power through machine guns, armies (power of the people)
- Commercial power through trade agreements, banking and capitalization
- Cultural power was through language, science, literature, etc.
- in 1859, Charles Darwin published a book called The Origin of Species
- tried to explain the meaning of ancient fossils and diversity of the species, and how they evolved
- "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" terms were born
- church leaders did not believe and said he was atheist
- scientists thought he was great for "discovering" this
- because europeans have the power they set off to "educate" the rest of the world
- Wealthy Europeans also saw benefits to foreign markets. —
- Industrialization society led to serious redistribution of wealth
- the influence abroad became symbols of great power and it became a status for a nation
- Europeans were considered advanced in the society and they used that to become even more powerful
- their opinions on other cultures dropped, (basically they were racist)
- tried to use science to "prove" that any culture that was not their own bad
- "race is everything" "if you were white you were smart"
- other races were "wild" and the Europeans thought that it was their duty to civilize them
- there was also a second wave of European conquests
- involved military forces
- tried to conquer Africa for about 25 years
- Australia and New Zealand were taken over by Europe in the 19th century
- disease reduced the number of natives by about 75%
- countries under European rule had a traumatic experience
- violence made everyone behave
- many converted to Christianity
- there was a lot of unpaid labor
- there was western pressures
-opium was involved
- realized opium was bad but it was too late
- tried to stop the opium trade
-but europeans tried to bribe the people in charge of trade
- a lot of money invested in buying opium because people were addicted
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